1.scarce： a. 缺乏的，不足的；稀有的，珍贵的

　　e.g. Firewood is scarce in many parts of the world. 世界上很多地区都缺乏木材。

　　Scarce resources should be used sensibly. 稀有资源的使用应该合理。

　　2. expansion： n. 扩张，膨胀

　　派生词：expand v. 扩张，膨胀

　　e.g. Expansion into new areas of research is possible. 扩展到新的研究领域是有可能的。

　　3.promotion： n. 促进；提升

　　派生词：promote v. 促进，提升

　　e.g. As part of their sales promotion they‘re giving away a free pair of socks with each holiday.

　　作为促销的一部分，他们每个假日都免费赠送一双袜子。

　　4. award ： vt. / n. 授予，给予，判给

　　e.g. He was awarded his damages by the court . 法院判给他损失赔偿费。

　　reward 意思是“报答，报应，报偿”。而且reward 后面一般要加with .

　　e.g. He was rewarded with $10000. 他被奖励10000 美元。

　　5.integrate v. 使结合，使并入，使成为一体

　　e.g. It‘s very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own.

　　使你自己融入一个完全不同的文化非常困难。

　　6.spanersity n. 多样性

　　e.g. Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural spanersity of the country ？

　　电视能充分反应这个国家种族和文化上的多样性吗？

　　7.permissive adj. 容许的，许可的，随意的，开放的

　　e.g. He claims that society has been far too permissive towards drug taking.

　　他认为社会对吸毒太放纵了。

　　8.prescribe vt. 指示，规定，开处方，开药

　　e.g. The law prescribes that all children must go to school.

　　法律规定所有的儿童必须上学。

　　Painkillers have been prescribed for me.

　　医生给我开了止痛药。

　　9.route n…… 路线，航线

　　e.g. I live on a bus route so I can easily get to work.

　　我家就在一条公共汽车线路上，所以我去上班很方便。

　　词组：phrases

　　1.on the contrary ： 相反地

　　e.g. It doesn‘t seem ugly to me； on the contrary， I think it’s rather beautiful.

　　我觉得它并不丑；恰恰相反，它很美。

　　2.demand for ： 对…的要求，对…的需求

　　e.g. The workers‘ demands for higher pay were refused by the employers.

　　工人提高工资的要求遭到雇主的拒绝。

　　3.to go along with ： 和…一起

　　e.g. He has decided to go along with his father. 他决定跟着父亲走。

　　重点句子

　　Changes to Come in U.S Education

　　The biggest “infrastructure” challenge for the United States in the next decade is not the billions needed for railroads， highways and energy. It Is the American school system， from kindergarten through the Ph.D. program and the postgraduate education of adults. And it requires something far scarcer than money - thinking and risk-taking.

　　The challenge is not one of expansion. On the contrary， the rapid growth in enrollment over the last 40 years has come to an end. ⑴

　　1.on the contrary， “相反地”

　　注意本句的时态： 用的是现在完成时，因为有一个明显的时间状语over the last 40 years.

　　译：相反，在过去的40年中，学校的在校人数迅速增加的局面已经结束。

　　By 1978， more than 93 percent of young people entering the labor force had at least an eighth-grade education. So even if the birthrate should rise somewhat， little expansion is possible for elementary and secondary school enrollments.

　　The last 30 years of social upheaval are also over. Busing will continue to be a highly emotional issue in a good many large cities. And there will still be efforts to use schools to bring women into fields such as engineering that have traditionally been considered “made.” But this shift has already been accomplished in many fields： half or more of the accounting students in graduate schools of business， for example， are now women.

　　As for most other social issues， the country will no longer try to use schools to bring about social reform. ⑵